Parameters of protein delivery using hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid

Various studies have been conducted using hydroxyapatite (HA) to deliver therapeutic drugs over a long period of time. However, the rate of drug release from ceramics varies tremendously. Thus a study was designed to observe the effect of particle size, pressure, drug ratio, and the addition of a zinc stearate binder on the release of BSA from ceramics. Samples were collected every two hours for a 12 hour period. Three particle sizes were used in the study (< 38, 45-63, and 63-75 microns). Variations in particle size did not influence the release of BSA. Ceramics compressed at a pressure of 150 Mpa delivered more protein than pressures of 300 MPa, 450 MPa, and 900 MPa. Drug to ceramic ratio had the most significant effect. A ratio of 1:25 BSA to HA delivered the protein quickly whereas the 1:100 BSA to HA delivered BSA to HA delivered BSA slowly and in zero order kinetics. The addition of the zinc binder improved the quality of the composite and decreased the release rate of protein delivery when present in 5% or less of the total ceramic weight. HA ceramics can be used to deliver proteins at different rates by varying compression pressure and drug to HA ratio.