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D2 and D4 dopamine receptor polymorphisms and personality

E P Noble1, T Z Ozkaragoz, T L Ritchie

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA. epnoble@ucla.edu

American Journal of Medical Genetics
|May 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in dopamine receptors influence novelty-seeking behavior. Specific dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene polymorphisms are linked to higher novelty-seeking traits in adolescent boys.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Temperament dimensions are heritable traits.
  • Dopamine receptors, particularly DRD2 and DRD4, are implicated in behavioral regulation.
  • Genetic variations in these receptors may influence personality traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) temperament dimensions and polymorphisms in the DRD2 and DRD4 genes.
  • To examine the influence of specific DRD2 and DRD4 alleles on personality traits in healthy adolescent males.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of DRD2 and DRD4 gene polymorphisms in 119 healthy Caucasian boys.
  • Assessment of temperament using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ).

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  • Statistical analysis to correlate genetic variations with TPQ scores.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher Novelty Seeking scores were observed in boys with specific minor alleles of DRD2 and the 7-repeat allele of DRD4.
    • The combination of DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms showed a more pronounced effect on Novelty Seeking than individual polymorphisms.
    • No significant associations were found between DRD2/DRD4 polymorphisms and Harm Avoidance.
    • DRD2 polymorphisms, but not DRD4, were associated with higher Reward Dependence (Persistence).

    Conclusions:

    • DRD2 and DRD4 gene polymorphisms are individually associated with Novelty Seeking behavior.
    • Combined DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms contribute more significantly to Novelty Seeking than either gene alone.
    • These findings highlight the role of dopaminergic gene variations in shaping personality traits related to risk-taking and exploration.