Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry

Background:

• Polymerization shrinkage is an inherent property of resin-based dental materials.
• This phenomenon can lead to marginal gaps, secondary caries, and post-operative sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance the understanding of polymerization shrinkage.
• To review methods for determining shrinkage and stress in dental materials.
• To discuss techniques for mitigating the adverse effects of shrinkage.

Main Methods:

• Critical review of scientific literature on polymerization shrinkage.
• Analysis of dimensional changes during curing of resin composites and glass polyalkenoate cements.
• Examination of methods for measuring shrinkage, shrinkage stress, and stress relief.

Main Results:

• Polymerization shrinkage and associated stresses are unavoidable in current adhesive restorative materials.
• No universally leakproof method for handling these materials has been established.
• Understanding the mechanisms is key to managing shrinkage effects.

Conclusions:

• Practitioners must acknowledge and manage polymerization shrinkage and stress.
• Knowledge of causative mechanisms and reduction techniques optimizes the use of restorative materials.
• Effective management leads to improved clinical outcomes in restorative dentistry.