The nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway: a potential major regulator of cochlear physiology

The nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) pathway is now recognized as a major regulatory system in cell physiology and tissue homeostasis. This pathway may control processes as diverse as muscle relaxation, gut peristalsis, neurotransmission and hormonal secretion. It is also involved in the development and function of sensory systems such as vision and olfaction. This review will detail the NO/cyclic GMP pathway, evaluate studies in the auditory system and discuss its potential participation in cochlear blood flow, supporting cell physiology and excitotoxicity.