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MIF expression in the rat brain: implications for neuronal function

M Bacher¹, A Meinhardt, H Y Lan

¹Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.

Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

|May 30, 1998

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is expressed in rat brain neurons and its expression increases with inflammation, highlighting its role in neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses.

Area of Science:

Neuroendocrinology
Immunology
Neuroscience

Background:

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is released by the pituitary gland during stress and inflammation.
MIF counterregulates the immunosuppressive effects of steroids on immune responses.
MIF is also secreted by macrophages and T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the regional and cellular expression of MIF in rat brain.
To explore the role of MIF in the neuroendocrine system and inflammatory response.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to analyze MIF expression in rat brain.
RT-PCR was employed to compare MIF mRNA kinetics with IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.
Western blotting and ELISA were used to analyze MIF and TNF-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid.

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Main Results:

Baseline MIF expression was observed in neurons across various brain regions, including the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus.
LPS administration increased MIF mRNA and protein expression in the brain, partly due to infiltrating monocytes/macrophages.
MIF was rapidly released into cerebrospinal fluid, correlating with LPS-induced cytokine release and co-localizing with TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6.

Conclusions:

Significant baseline and inducible MIF expression in the brain indicates its role as a physiological regulator of inflammatory stress.
MIF's regional association with glucocorticoid action further defines its function within the neuroendocrine system.