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Rhinovirus infection induces mucus hypersecretion

A Yuta¹, W J Doyle, E Gaumond

¹Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007-2197, USA.

The American Journal of Physiology

|June 25, 1998

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Rhinovirus infections increase interleukin-8 and mucin secretion, contributing to common cold symptoms like watery and mucoid rhinorrhea. This study quantified changes in nasal mucus during infection.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Rhinology

Background:

Rhinorrhea is a common cold symptom, but changes in nasal mucin during rhinovirus infections remain unquantified.
Previous studies showed increased vascular permeability and serous cell secretion in nasal mucus during rhinovirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify changes in mucin constituents in nasal mucus during rhinovirus infections.
To investigate the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and mucoglycoprotein exocytosis in rhinovirus-induced rhinorrhea.

Main Methods:

Nonallergic and allergic rhinitis subjects were inoculated with rhinovirus.
Nasal lavages were collected daily for 5 days post-inoculation.
Concentrations of IL-8, IgG, lysozyme, and mucoglycoprotein (7F10-irm, Alcian blue) were measured.

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Main Results:

Infected subjects showed maximal increases in IL-8, IgG, total protein, and gel-phase 7F10-irm on day 3.
No significant differences were observed between infected allergic and nonallergic subjects.
IL-8 and gel-phase 7F10-irm were significantly higher in infected versus noninfected subjects.

Conclusions:

Rhinovirus infection increases IL-8 and gel-phase mucin secretion, alongside plasma exudation.
These mechanisms may explain the progression from watery to mucoid rhinorrhea during the common cold.
Mild neutrophilic infiltration may also contribute to cold symptoms.