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Related Experiment Videos

Imprinting mechanisms in mammals

W Reik1, J Walter

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. wolf.reik@bbsrc.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|June 4, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Genomic imprinting relies on specific DNA sequences and regulatory elements to control gene expression based on parental origin. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending genetic disorders and developmental processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon where genes are expressed based on their parental origin.
  • Imprinted genes are often organized in clusters within the genome.
  • Proper imprinting is essential for normal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cis-acting sequences and regulatory elements involved in establishing and maintaining genomic imprinting.
  • To understand the role of imprinting centers in controlling regional imprinting within gene clusters.
  • To elucidate the hierarchical control system governing imprinting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic mouse models to study gene expression.
  • Performed mutation analysis within a normal chromosomal context.
  • Investigated the function of CpG-rich differentially methylated regions, repeat clusters, and non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that multiple cis-acting sequences are required for correct imprinting.
  • Highlighted the critical role of imprinting centers in regional imprinting.
  • Identified differentially methylated regions, repeat clusters, and unusual RNAs as key functional elements.
  • Showed interaction between cis elements and trans-acting factors (methylase, chromatin factors) in a hierarchical control system.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic imprinting involves a complex interplay of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors.
  • Imprinting centers act as key regulators for establishing and maintaining imprinting across gene clusters.
  • A hierarchical control system, involving methylation, repeat elements, and non-coding RNAs, governs imprinting with local and regional effects.

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