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[Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals]

R Fatzer1, M Vandevelde

  • 1Nationales Zentrum für spongiforme Enzephalopathien, Institut für Tierneurologie, Bern, Schweiz.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|June 5, 1998
PubMed
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) affect various animal species, with origins ranging from natural spread to contaminated feed. Diagnostic methods and control measures, like feed bans, have successfully reduced bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Prion Disease Research
  • Comparative Pathology

Context:

  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases affecting numerous animal species globally.
  • Examples include scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in North American cervids, and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME).
  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreaks in Great Britain were linked to contaminated animal protein feed, subsequently spreading internationally.

Purpose:

  • To review the epidemiology and origins of various animal TSEs.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches for TSEs, including neuropathology and prion protein detection.
  • To discuss control measures implemented to mitigate TSE transmission and public health risks.

Summary:

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  • TSEs manifest in diverse animal populations, with distinct transmission routes and origins.
  • Diagnosis relies on brain examination and identification of disease-specific prion proteins (PrPres).
  • Key control strategies involve prohibiting animal protein feeding to ruminants, significantly reducing BSE prevalence. Confiscation of infectious organs in cattle aims to protect consumers.
  • Impact:

    • Effective control measures, particularly feed bans, have demonstrably decreased BSE incidence.
    • Public health interventions, such as organ confiscation, are crucial for preventing zoonotic transmission, exemplified by the potential link between BSE and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD).
    • Ongoing surveillance and regulatory actions are vital for managing TSEs in animal populations and safeguarding human health.