Helicobacter pylori infection and ischaemic heart disease: is there a link?

Several studies have recently reported an association between ischaemic heart disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. We critically review the epidemiological and clinical evidence on this association and examine the possible pathogenetic mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori may increase the risk of developing ischaemic heart disease. The present evidence supporting the association between these two conditions is weak and based mainly on cross-sectional surveys in which it is difficult or impossible to separate cause and effect; moreover, the sequence of gastric infection and heart disease is uncertain. Further prospective or interventional studies are needed to clarify this issue.