Unsafe injections
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Updated: Sep 30, 2026

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes
Published on: January 21, 2014
1Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Abstract:
In many developing countries use of unsterilized or improperly sterilized needles and syringes is common and causes millions of cases of viral hepatitis B and C as well as contributing to the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens. To combat this problem, WHO has stimulated the development of the "auto-destruct" syringe and encourages all donors, international agencies, and health departments to include a supply of such syringes with all vaccines supplied for emergency purposes. In addition, health providers and the public need to be educated about the risk of inappropriate and unsterile injections.
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