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CD28 expression in T cell aging and human longevity

N Boucher1, T Dufeu-Duchesne, E Vicaut

  • 1Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France.

Experimental Gerontology
|June 6, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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The number of CD28-positive T cells significantly declines with age, particularly in CD8+ T cells. This decrease impacts immune system responsiveness and may be an adaptation to chronic stimulation during aging.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Immune system decline is a hallmark of aging and contributes to age-related diseases.
  • Previous studies identified a reduced proportion of CD28-positive T cells in centenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further characterize the age-related decline in CD28-positive T cells.
  • To investigate the impact of CD28 expression on T cell responsiveness.
  • To explore the modulation of CD28 expression during T cell culture.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotyping of T cell surface expression of CD28, CD4, and CD8 antigens.
  • Analysis of T cell cultures from young adults, elderly individuals, and centenarians.
  • Statistical comparison of T cell populations across age groups.

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Main Results:

  • A significant decline in CD28-positive T cells was observed in elderly (70-90) and centenarian groups compared to young adults (p < 10(-4)).
  • This decline preferentially affected the CD8+ T cell subset.
  • Reduced CD28 expression correlated with diminished T cell responsiveness to mitogenic signals.
  • CD28 expression modulation in T cell cultures was dampened in centenarians.

Conclusions:

  • The decrease in CD28 expression on T cells is a significant feature of aging.
  • This reduction, especially in CD8+ T cells, contributes to age-related immune dysfunction.
  • The findings suggest that decreased CD28 expression may represent a compensatory adaptation to chronic immune stimulation in the elderly.