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Related Experiment Videos

Hereditary predisposition to cancer

A G Knudson1

  • 1Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 9, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cancer risk is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors, creating four oncodemes. Understanding these oncodemes, including spontaneous, hereditary, environmental, and interactive types, is key to cancer prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer development is influenced by both inherited genetic mutations and environmental exposures.
  • Four distinct risk categories, termed oncodemes, can characterize a specific cancer type based on the interplay of hereditary and environmental factors.
  • These oncodemes include spontaneous, hereditary, environmental, and interactive categories, each with unique risk profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize cancer risk based on the influence of hereditary and environmental factors.
  • To explore the genetic basis of hereditary cancer, including tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair genes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, involving somatic mutations and their role in tumor progression.

Main Methods:

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  • Conceptual framework development for oncodeme classification.
  • Review of genetic factors, including tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and DNA repair genes.
  • Analysis of the role of somatic mutations and their accumulation in carcinogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Hereditary cancers often involve dominant mutations in tumor suppressor or DNA repair genes.
    • Somatic mutations in a second allele are typically necessary but not sufficient for cancer development.
    • Carcinomas often require multiple events, with benign lesions potentially increasing cell longevity for further mutations.

    Conclusions:

    • All cancer types likely have a dominantly heritable form.
    • Somatic mutations, particularly in DNA mismatch repair genes, significantly impact cancer risk, especially for multi-event carcinomas.
    • Understanding these genetic and cellular mechanisms offers significant opportunities for cancer prevention.