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[Airway autonomic nervous system dysfunction and asthma]

M Ichinose1

  • 1First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
|June 10, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Neural imbalances in the airways, involving adrenergic, cholinergic, and NANC systems, contribute to asthma. Targeting these pathways, particularly tachykinin receptors, may offer new asthma therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • The airways are innervated by four primary nervous systems: adrenergic, cholinergic, inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (i-NANC), and excitatory NANC (e-NANC).
  • Dysfunction in these neural pathways is implicated in airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness characteristic of asthma.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of neural system dysfunction in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms behind airway hyperresponsiveness and potential therapeutic targets.

Summary:

  • Asthma involves an imbalance in airway neural systems. Cholinergic nerves, normally constricting airways, become overactive due to acetylcholine release, possibly linked to M2 autoreceptor dysfunction.
  • Inhibitory NANC nerves release vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) for bronchodilation, but their effects are reduced in allergic reactions by inflammatory mediators.
  • Excitatory NANC nerves release tachykinins, which promote airway smooth muscle contraction, mucus secretion, and inflammation, suggesting their involvement in asthma.

Impact:

  • Understanding neural imbalances in asthma provides insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Tachykinin receptor antagonists show promise as a therapeutic strategy for managing asthma symptoms, including bronchoconstriction.

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