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Updated: Jul 23, 2026
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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
Published on: April 9, 2012
Risk factors for rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis
R Ridzon1, C G Whitney, M T McKenna
1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Epidemiology Program Office, and Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Summary
Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis is uncommon but identified in patients with prior tuberculosis. Further research is needed to understand and prevent rifampin resistance in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rifampin is crucial for tuberculosis treatment.
- Rifampin mono-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unusual.
- Surveillance has identified cases of rifampin mono-resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare patients with rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis to HIV-matched controls.
- To identify factors associated with rifampin mono-resistance in tuberculosis patients.
- To investigate the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals.
Main Methods:
- Multicenter study comparing 64 cases of rifampin mono-resistant tuberculosis with 126 drug-susceptible controls.
- Analysis of patient demographics, medical history, and HIV status.
- Laboratory examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to assess clonality.
Main Results:
- Cases were more likely to have a history of prior tuberculosis compared to controls.
- No significant differences in demographics or HIV-related factors were found between cases and controls.
- Cases reported higher frequencies of diarrhea, rifabutin use, and antifungal therapy.
- No evidence of single clone spread was detected in laboratory analyses.
Conclusions:
- Rifampin mono-resistance in tuberculosis is associated with prior tuberculosis history.
- Factors contributing to rifampin resistance in HIV-infected individuals require further investigation.
- Strategies to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis are needed.
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