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Simple cyst in the postmenopausal patient: detection and management
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA.
Summary
Simple ovarian cysts are common in asymptomatic postmenopausal women, with a prevalence of 6.6%. These benign cysts rarely become malignant and can often be managed conservatively with monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Radiology
- Oncology
Background:
- Simple ovarian cysts are frequently detected in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.
- Previous data on the prevalence and natural history of these cysts in this demographic is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of simple ovarian cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.
- To investigate the natural history of these cysts through ultrasonographic follow-up.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 1,769 asymptomatic postmenopausal women from a pelvic cancer screening program were analyzed.
- Simple ovarian cysts (<5 cm, anechoic, benign morphology) were identified and followed ultrasonographically.
- Malignant potential was assessed using a scoring system; intervention was based on interval changes or clinical decisions.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of simple ovarian cysts was 6.6% (116 cysts in 1,769 women).
- Of the identified cysts, 23.28% resolved spontaneously, 59.48% persisted, and 17.24% were lost to follow-up.
- Eighteen women (26.09% of those with persistent cysts) underwent surgery; no malignant conditions were found.
Conclusions:
- Simple ovarian cysts are more prevalent in postmenopausal women than previously recognized.
- These cysts exhibit a low risk of malignancy and can be managed conservatively.
- Ultrasonographic monitoring is a safe and effective approach for asymptomatic simple ovarian cysts in this population.