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Fracture incidence in England and Wales: a study based on the population of Cardiff
A Johansen1, R J Evans, M D Stone
1Academic Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
Insights
This study reveals a fracture incidence of 21.1 per 1000 people annually in Cardiff, significantly higher than previous UK estimates. Researchers attribute this to improved methods for identifying all fracture types.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Fractures represent a significant health and economic burden.
- Osteoporosis research is ongoing, yet overall fracture incidence remains poorly defined.
- Previous UK fracture incidence estimates may be outdated or incomplete.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the overall incidence of fractures in a UK population.
- To establish a more accurate and current estimate of fracture rates.
- To compare findings with international studies and previous UK data.
Main Methods:
- A population-based study conducted at the Accident and Emergency Department of Cardiff Royal Infirmary.
- Inclusion of all patients presenting with any type of fracture over a one-year period.
- Rigorous definition of the study population and improved ascertainment of minor fractures.
Main Results:
- A total of 6467 fractures were identified among 306,600 residents.
- The overall fracture incidence was calculated at 21.1 per 1000 person-years.
- Incidence rates were 23.5/1000/year in males and 18.8/1000/year in females, consistent with international data.
Conclusions:
- The overall fracture incidence in the UK is significantly higher than previously estimated.
- Improved methodologies, including ascertainment of minor fractures, contribute to higher reported rates.
- This study provides the most accurate current estimate of fracture incidence for a UK population.
Abstract:
Despite the importance of fractures as an economic and health problem, and consequent interest in osteoporosis, few workers have previously attempted to define the overall incidence of fracture. This population based study was based in the Accident and Emergency Department of Cardiff Royal Infirmary and identified all patients presenting with fractures of any type. Over a single year a total of 6467 fractures were identified among the 306,600 people who live in the city of Cardiff. This gives an overall fracture incidence of 21.1/1000/year, (23.5/1000/year in males and 18.8/1000/year in females); a result very similar to those from similar work in the USA, Australia and Norway. This result is over twice the previous estimate of fracture incidence in the UK; the figure of 9/1000/year from the only equivalent study performed since the 1960s. In part, this discrepancy appears to reflect our more rigorous definition of the study population, and our improved ascertainment of minor fractures. We believe our result to offer the most accurate estimate of fracture incidence currently available for a UK population.