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Personality patterns in insomnia. Theoretical implications

A Kales, A B Caldwell, T A Preston

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Insomnia patients frequently exhibit pathological personality traits, particularly depression, psychasthenia, and conversion hysteria, according to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs) analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Psychiatry
    • Sleep Medicine

    Background:

    • Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder affecting a significant portion of the population.
    • Understanding the underlying psychological factors associated with insomnia is crucial for effective treatment.
    • Previous research suggests a link between personality traits and sleep disturbances.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the personality profiles of individuals primarily complaining of insomnia.
    • To identify specific Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPI) scales and code types frequently observed in this population.
    • To explore the potential psychophysiological mechanisms linking personality characteristics to insomnia.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluation of 124 subjects with a primary complaint of insomnia.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Administration and analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs).
  • Statistical analysis to determine the frequency and significance of elevated MMPI scales and code types.

    • Main Results:

    • A high percentage (85%) of subjects presented with one or more MMPI scales elevated to a pathological degree.
    • The most frequently elevated scales were 2 (depression), 7 (psychasthenia), and 3 (conversion hysteria).
    • A significant finding was the preponderance of depression, indicated by scale 2 elevations and specific MMPI code types.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with insomnia often exhibit pathological personality traits, with depression being particularly prominent.
    • The predominant personality style involves the internalization of psychological disturbances, rather than externalizing behaviors.
    • This internalization may lead to chronic emotional arousal and physiological activation, proposed as a psychophysiological mechanism underlying insomnia.