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A validation study using the case-control method of the nursing diagnosis high risk for aspiration
J Wooldridge1, J Herman, C Garrison
1Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Summary
This study identified key risk factors for aspiration in patients, including altered consciousness and vomiting. These findings aim to improve the nursing diagnosis for aspiration risk.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Clinical Research
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Aspiration poses a significant risk to patient well-being.
- The nursing diagnosis 'risk for aspiration' requires refinement based on empirical evidence.
- Identifying specific risk factors is crucial for effective nursing interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and validate risk factors associated with aspiration in patients.
- To enhance the accuracy and clinical utility of the nursing diagnosis 'risk for aspiration'.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed.
- 131 patients who aspirated (cases) were compared with 206 controls.
- Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine significant risk factors.
Main Results:
- Statistically significant risk factors for aspiration included: altered level of consciousness, metoclopramide use (accelerating gastric emptying), vomiting, seizures, and inability to change position.
- Altered level of consciousness and delayed gastric emptying were identified as key predictors.
Conclusions:
- Vomiting, seizures, and inability to change position were identified as significant risk factors not currently in the NANDA taxonomy for 'risk for aspiration'.
- The findings support the refinement of the nursing diagnosis 'risk for aspiration' by incorporating newly identified risk factors.
- Results have been submitted for review to further develop the nursing diagnosis.
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