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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
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Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Healthcare Agencies I01:18

Healthcare Agencies I

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Related Experiment Video

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Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
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Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation during early recovery

P E Caldwell1, H S Cutter

  • 1School of Social Work, Syracuse University, NY 13244, USA. pecaldwe@syr.edu

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|June 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Mid-level attendance in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) shows mixed engagement with core practices, leading to significant relapse. Professional support focusing on AA tenets, not just meeting frequency, is crucial for sustained recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • High dropout rates are common in the 3 months post-treatment for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
  • Understanding patient participation levels and engagement with AA principles is vital for effective recovery support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation patterns in 55 patients after structured treatment.
  • To identify correlations between meeting attendance, engagement with AA tenets, and relapse rates.

Main Methods:

  • Categorized patient participation into low, mid-level, and "90 meetings in 90 days" attendance.
  • Assessed patient engagement with key AA practices: powerlessness, higher power, sponsor relationships, peer involvement, 12 Steps, and literature.
  • Correlated attendance levels and engagement with relapse data.

Main Results:

  • The mid-level attendance group exhibited substantial meeting participation but showed ambivalent engagement with core AA concepts.
  • Mid-level attendees admitted powerlessness but showed less enthusiasm for the higher power concept, leading to significant relapse.
  • This group had sponsors but less peer involvement, and worked the 12 Steps with less interest in AA literature.

Conclusions:

  • High meeting attendance alone does not guarantee recovery; nuanced engagement with AA principles is critical.
  • Patients struggling to embrace key AA tenets require targeted professional assistance beyond simply increasing meeting frequency.
  • Barriers to full AA affiliation can be leveraged as opportunities for enhanced counseling and improved recovery outcomes.