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CD44 structure and function

J Lesley1, R Hyman

  • 1Cancer Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 85800, San Diego CA 92186-5800, USA. lesley@dcbsun.salk.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|June 23, 1998
PubMed
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This review explores CD44 structural elements and their functions, highlighting how cell-specific modifications and variant isoforms regulate hyaluronan binding and cellular activities.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in various cellular functions.
  • Understanding CD44's structure-function relationship is crucial for deciphering its roles in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural elements of CD44 and their involvement in specific cellular functions.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing CD44's hyaluronan binding and other activities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD44 constructs transfected into cells.
  • Assay of hyaluronan binding using cell lines and CD44-Ig fusion proteins.
  • Investigation of cell-specific post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylation.

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Main Results:

  • Hyaluronan binding by CD44 is regulated by cellular context and post-translational modifications like N-glycosylation.
  • Alternative splicing generates variant CD44 isoforms with distinct functions and regulatory roles.
  • The cytoplasmic domain influences ligand binding, membrane localization, and post-ligand binding events.

Conclusions:

  • CD44's diverse functions are intricately linked to its structural elements, post-translational modifications, and alternative splicing.
  • Cellular environment and specific isoforms dictate CD44's functional outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the cytoplasmic domain's role in CD44-mediated signaling.