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Related Experiment Videos

Variables controlling contrast generation in a urinary bladder model

E Y Hwang1, J B Fowlkes, P L Carson

  • 1University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor 48109-0553, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|June 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers developed an ultrasound system to create microbubbles for contrast imaging. Higher concentrations of cavitation nuclei and gas saturation, especially with CO2, lowered the pressure threshold for microbubble generation, aiding urinary tract diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ultrasound contrast agents enhance diagnostic imaging.
  • Microbubble generation is key for contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
  • Urinary tract reflux diagnosis can benefit from improved contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microbubble generation process for ultrasound contrast agents.
  • To determine factors influencing the threshold pressure for microbubble formation.
  • To assess the potential for in vivo microbubble generation in the urinary tract.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated a rabbit urinary bladder model using a latex balloon.
  • Propagated acoustic bursts (1.8 MHz, 125 ms) through fluids with varying gas saturations and cavitation nuclei concentrations.

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  • Utilized a diagnostic ultrasound system to visualize microbubble generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak rarefactional pressure threshold decreased with increased particle concentration (10^8 to 10^10 particles/cc).
    • Gas saturation below 50% significantly increased thresholds compared to higher saturations.
    • CO2-containing samples exhibited lower thresholds and higher echogenicity than air samples.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbubble generation is feasible in environments with limited nuclei, like the urinary bladder.
    • Sufficient gas is crucial for developing persistent, imageable bubbles.
    • Optimized microbubble generation parameters can aid in diagnosing urinary reflux.