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Oxidative stress in toxicology: established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems
K A Kelly1, C M Havrilla, T C Brady
1Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Abstract:
Interest in the toxicological aspects of oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and research has become increasingly focused on the mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage and cellular responses in biological systems. Toxic consequences of oxidative stress at the subcellular level include lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins. These effects are often used as end points in the study of oxidative stress. Typically, mammalian species have been used as models to study oxidative stress and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cellular damage and response, largely because of the interest in human health issues surrounding oxidative stress. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress also affects aquatic organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. Research in fish has demonstrated that mammalian and piscine systems exhibit similar toxicological and adaptive responses to oxidative stress. This suggests that piscine models, in addition to traditional mammalian models, may be useful for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response.
Insights
Oxidative stress impacts both mammals and fish, causing cellular damage. Fish models offer a valuable alternative for studying oxidative stress mechanisms and responses.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Environmental Science
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Oxidative stress research is expanding, focusing on mechanisms of cellular damage like lipid peroxidation and DNA/protein oxidation.
- Mammalian models are traditionally used due to human health relevance.
- Emerging evidence shows oxidative stress affects aquatic organisms exposed to pollutants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the utility of piscine models in understanding oxidative stress.
- To compare toxicological and adaptive responses to oxidative stress in fish and mammals.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing research on oxidative stress in biological systems.
- Analysis of studies involving fish exposed to environmental pollutants.
- Comparison of cellular damage and response mechanisms between mammalian and piscine models.
Main Results:
- Fish exhibit similar toxicological and adaptive responses to oxidative stress as mammals.
- Subcellular damage, including lipid peroxidation and DNA/protein oxidation, occurs in fish.
Conclusions:
- Piscine models are suitable for studying oxidative stress mechanisms.
- Fish can serve as valuable models alongside traditional mammalian systems for oxidative stress research.