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Measurement of exercise dependence in bodybuilders

D K Smith1, B D Hale, D Collins

  • 1Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
|June 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study explored exercise dependence in bodybuilders using the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale (BDS). Results support the validity of the BDS social dependency subscale for understanding exercise behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Sport Psychology
  • Exercise Science
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Exercise dependence is a growing concern in athletic populations.
  • Bodybuilding involves unique psychological factors influencing training behaviors.
  • Validated measurement tools are needed to assess exercise dependence in bodybuilders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore exercise dependence in bodybuilders.
  • To conduct a preliminary validation of the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale (BDS).

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of self-report measures across bodybuilders, fitness trainers, and weightlifters.
  • Utilized the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and the BDS.
  • Factor analysis and discriminant analysis were employed for scale validation.

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Main Results:

  • Factor analysis identified three BDS subscales: social dependency, training dependency, and mastery, explaining 68.4% of variance.
  • Bodybuilders exhibited higher social dependency and body attractiveness perceptions than other groups.
  • BDS social dependency correlated with AIMS and PSPP subscales, and training frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The BDS social dependency subscale demonstrates construct and concurrent validity.
  • Further validation is needed for the BDS training dependency and mastery subscales.
  • The findings contribute to understanding exercise dependence in the bodybuilding community.