Caffeine does not potentiate gamma-radiation induced DNA damage in ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cells

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells display a profound sensitivity to ionizing radiation, exhibiting more frequent chromosomal breaks, increased micronuclei formation and abnormal DNA repair kinetics following exposure. Despite the recent cloning of the ATM gene there remains a need for a simple and rapid means of discriminating AT heterozygotes from normal individuals. Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethyl xanthine), known to inhibit the repair of double-strand DNA breaks following ionizing radiation, increases the frequency of radiation induced chromosomal breaks in normal cells. Here we report that caffeine potentiates the induction of chromosomal breaks in G2 arrested AT heterozygote and normal lymphoblastoid cells, but not in homozygous AT lymphoblastoid cells. This observation parallels the findings reported by others that caffeine fails to potentiate the effect of ionizing radiation in radiation-sensitive yeast strains and radiation sensitive CHO cells. It also suggests that caffeine may somehow mimic the effect of the ATM gene product in normal cells. We also report that caffeine is unlikely to be useful in helping to discriminate AT heterozygotes from normal individuals.