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Legionella and immunosuppression

D Schlossberg1, J Bonoan

  • 1Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, and Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|June 27, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those with impaired cell-mediated immunity like acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), face a higher risk of Legionella infection. This susceptibility also extends to patients with certain humoral immune defects.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Legionella bacteria cause Legionellosis, a serious lung infection.
  • Immune system defects significantly influence susceptibility to Legionella infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between immune system deficiencies and Legionella infection risk.
  • To identify specific immune defects that predispose individuals to Legionellosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Legionellosis in immunocompromised patients.
  • Analysis of risk factors including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), corticosteroid use, and hematologic malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Cell-mediated immunity defects, such as AIDS, corticosteroid administration, and hairy cell leukemia, are significant risk factors for Legionellosis.

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  • Patients with AIDS may experience relapsing Legionella infections.
  • Corticosteroid use can lead to multiple Legionella strain infections and lung abscesses.
  • Humoral immune defects, including multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, present a lower risk for Legionellosis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Defective cell-mediated immunity is a primary risk factor for severe Legionella infections.
    • While less common, humoral immune defects also confer some susceptibility to Legionellosis.