GABA and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia

Some recent autopsy studies indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is decreased in brain areas that involve some of the well-described structural changes observed in schizophrenia. The current study examined the relationship between CSF and plasma GABA levels and brain structural measures in schizophrenia. Sixty-two drug-free, physically healthy male patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IIIR) were evaluated for plasma and CSF GABA, as well as brain structural measures on CT scans. Plasma levels of GABA were associated with prefrontal sulcal widening and VBRs, but not global sulcal widening in the schizophrenic patients. CSF GABA measures were not associated with brain structural measures, but were associated with age and age of onset. The significant relationship between plasma GABA, but not CSF GABA, and specific brain morphology measures in schizophrenic patients suggests that if GABA transmission is impaired in schizophrenia, it is a local, but not global, phenomenon.