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Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Communities in a Three-Compartment Granular Activated Sludge System Indicates

Holben¹, Noto, Sumino

¹Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812-1002, Japan.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

|July 2, 1998

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Nitrification in a three-compartment activated sludge system showed sequential reactions. Different bacterial communities, identified by G+C content, dominated each compartment, suggesting nitrification processes are incompatible in this setup.

Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Wastewater treatment
Biogeochemical cycles

Background:

Activated sludge systems are crucial for wastewater treatment, particularly for nitrogen removal through nitrification.
Understanding the microbial ecology within different compartments of such systems is key to optimizing performance.
Previous work indicated sequential nitrification in this specific three-compartment system.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the bacterial community structure and nitrifying activities in each compartment of a three-compartment activated sludge system.
To identify the predominant bacterial populations responsible for nitrification in each compartment.
To investigate the relationship between microbial community composition and functional nitrification processes.

Main Methods:

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Analysis of bacterial community structure using DNA isolation and G+C content profiling.
Quantification of nitrifying activities (ammonia and nitrite oxidation) in each compartment.
Hybridization of bacterial DNA with specific gene probes for ammonia monooxygenase (amo) and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao).

Main Results:

Compartments one and two completed ammonia oxidation but showed minimal nitrite oxidation, with dominant bacterial populations at 50% and 67% G+C content.
Compartment three completed nitrite oxidation, with dominant populations at 62% and 67% G+C content, and a diminished 50% G+C population.
The 50% G+C population in compartment one strongly hybridized with both amo and hao probes, while in compartment two, it showed weaker amo hybridization, suggesting distinct ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

Conclusions:

The three-compartment activated sludge system facilitates sequential nitrification, with distinct bacterial communities developing in each compartment.
Nitrification processes appear somewhat incompatible, leading to spatial separation of ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.
The observed differences in microbial populations and activities highlight the importance of compartment-specific conditions in shaping functional microbial communities for wastewater treatment.