Curricular content on urinary incontinence in entry-level physical therapy programmes in three countries

Area of Science:

• Physical Therapy
• Urology
• Medical Education

Background:

• Urinary incontinence (UI) is a widespread condition impacting quality of life.
• Physical therapy (PT) is recognized for its efficacy in managing UI.
• There is a notable absence of literature on UI within PT curricula.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the curricular content related to urinary incontinence (UI) in entry-level physical therapy (PT) programs across Canada, the UK, and the USA.
• To assess the extent and nature of UI education in PT programs.

Main Methods:

• A survey methodology was employed, targeting PT educators in entry-level programs.
• Random sampling was used for UK and USA programs (50%), while all Canadian programs (100%) were included.
• Questionnaires gathered data on curriculum details, UI topics, teaching methods, and reasons for non-inclusion.

Main Results:

• Response rates varied by country: Canada (92.3%), UK (76.9%), and USA (53.6%).
• UI is covered in a majority of programs (Canada 80%, UK 90%, USA 78.4%), with the UK dedicating the most time.
• Kegel exercises and electrical stimulation are common topics, but teaching is predominantly theoretical (>64.9%).

Conclusions:

• Graduating physical therapists may possess foundational knowledge of UI management due to instruction in techniques like Kegel exercises and electrical stimulation.
• The reliance on theoretical instruction may result in a deficit of practical clinical skills for assessing and treating UI.
• Further investigation into the depth and practical application of UI education in PT programs is warranted.