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Ethanol production using nuclear petite yeast mutants

A Hutter1, S G Oliver

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, Manchester, UK.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|July 3, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Respiratory deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear petites enhances ethanol fermentation rates by bypassing the Pasteur effect. Functional mitochondria are crucial for maintaining ethanol tolerance in yeast.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key organism for ethanol production.
  • Ethanol tolerance and productivity are critical factors in industrial fermentation.
  • Understanding the role of mitochondria in yeast physiology is essential for optimizing fermentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of respiratory deficiency on ethanol tolerance and productivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To compare the performance of nuclear petites with parental and mitochondrial petite strains.
  • To elucidate the role of functional mitochondria in yeast's response to ethanol toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of respiratory-deficient nuclear petite mutants (FY23 delta pet191, FY23 delta cox5a) using polymerase-chain-reaction-mediated gene disruption.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of ethanol tolerance (inhibition constant, Ki) and specific ethanol production rate (qp) in batch cultures.
  • Comparison of mutant strains to parental strain (FY23WT) and mitochondrial petite (FY23 rho(0)).

    • Main Results:

    • Parental strain showed highest ethanol tolerance (Ki = 2.3% w/v).
    • Mitochondrial petite (FY23 rho(0)) was most sensitive to ethanol (Ki = 1.71% w/v).
    • Nuclear petites retained significant ethanol tolerance, indicating mitochondria are essential for toxin resistance.
    • Nuclear petites exhibited 43% and 30% higher ethanol productivities than the parent strain due to respiratory deficiency and lack of Pasteur effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional mitochondria are vital for maintaining ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    • Respiratory-deficient nuclear petites demonstrate enhanced ethanol fermentation rates, unhindered by the Pasteur effect.
    • Genetic manipulation of respiratory pathways offers a strategy to improve yeast ethanol production.