Soil forming and plant density effects on carrot yield and internal quality

The effects of soil forming (SF) and plant density (PD) on the carrot yield, mean root weight and internal quality was studied in field experiments in 1993 and 1994. 'Fontana BZ' carrots were grown in flat land, a narrow ridge, a broad ridge, and a compacted broad ridge soil configurations with low (LD) and high (HD) target plant densities, four and seven hundred thousand carrots per hectar. The total and marketable yields were larger in flat land and narrow ridge than in the broad- and compacted broad ridges in 1993 and in 1994 at HD. The number of marketable carrots were highest with the flat land soil configurations in both years. A dry spring in 1993 favored flat land growing conditions; in ridges the fine sand dried quickly. SF did not influence the mean weight of a marketable carrot in 1993, but in 1994 the narrow ridge configuration resulted in heavier carrots than the flat land or broad ridge growing conditions. In the climatically more unfavorable year of 1993, SF and PD affected quality; dry matter was lower in flat land than in the ridges. At HD, the flat land soil configuration produced higher glucose and fructose than carrots grown in the narrow and broad ridges. Dietary fiber and vitamin C were higher in narrow ridge than in compacted broad ridge grown carrots. At LD the flat land and broad ridge produced highest and compacted broad ridge the lowest beta-carotene contents; alpha-carotene was higher at LD than at HD.