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Macromolecular structure and self-assembly

R Henderson1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|July 8, 1998
PubMed
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Molecular machines like bacteriorhodopsin, ATP synthetase, and flagellar motors are understood through their 3D structures. This structural biology approach reveals fundamental insights into biological mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Molecular machines
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The field of molecular biology has experienced exponential growth in data output, from early protein and DNA sequences to current high-throughput genome sequencing.
  • Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) structure of macromolecules and their assemblies is crucial for deciphering their function.
  • Techniques like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron microscopy have advanced the study of molecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate how 3D structural details of molecular machines provide critical insights into their working mechanisms.
  • To present specific examples of molecular machines where structure dictates function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 3D atomic structures obtained through experimental techniques (X-ray crystallography, NMR, electron microscopy).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Focus on structure-function relationships in key molecular machines.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed 3D structures of bacteriorhodopsin (a light-driven proton pump), ATP synthetase (a molecular motor/generator), and the bacterial flagellar motor have been elucidated.
    • These structures reveal the intricate mechanisms by which these molecular machines perform their functions.
    • The reductionist approach, explaining biological processes through physics and chemistry, is limited only by the precision of describing molecular interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The 3D structure of molecular machines is a primary determinant of their function.
    • Structural biology provides fundamental insights, reducing complex biological processes to physical and chemical principles.
    • The study of molecular interactions at an atomic level continues to advance without foreseeable fundamental limits.