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Pregnancy in HIV-infected women. Counseling and care--12 years' experiences and results
S Lindgren1, C Ottenblad, A B Bengtsson
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background:
A specialized antenatal care unit was set up for counseling and care of HIV-infected pregnant women. The team consisted of gynecologists, a midwife, a social worker and pediatricians.
Methods:
The women were referred from departments of infectious diseases, venereology or institutions for drug addicts, antenatal care units and abortion clinics, or applied themselves. Women identified in the pregnancy HIV screening program were informed primarily by the team. The women were counseled along with their partners and cared for during abortion or the antenatal period, delivery and post partum. Contraceptive services were offered and psychosocial support was given.
Results:
Between April 1985 and March 1997, 95 HIV-infected women with 122 pregnancies attended. Twenty-one per cent were or had been drug users, 2% had been infected by transfused blood and 77% were classified as having been sexually infected, two thirds of whom were Africans. The mean age was 27.8 years. In 54 of 93 pregnancies (58%) in which the woman could make an informed decision, she elected abortion -- in 37 cases for HIV related reasons. Significantly more women with an uninfected steady partner, compared to women without a steady partner, chose to continue the pregnancy, as did women in a relatively stable social situation. Of the partners, 68 were HIV-negative, 36 HIV-positive and 18 not tested. No severe HIV-related complications occurred during pregnancy. Seven of 40 (18%) children with a known infection status were infected. During the course of follow-up, nine mothers, two fathers and three children have died. Seventeen children were at risk of being orphaned, and another five were placed in foster care.
Conclusion:
Although it is possible to reduce mother-to-infant transmission by zidovudine therapy, the negative consequences of HIV and childbearing are still substantial. Therefore HIV screening during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy counseling are important issues for the health care system.