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Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans
1R. Costanza, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Biology Dept., and Inst. for Ecological Economics, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. F. Andrade, Marine Laboratory of Guia, Sciences Faculty of Lisbon Univ. (FCUL), Estrada do Guincho, 2750 Cascais, Portugal. P. Antunes and R. Santos, Ecoman Center, Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2825 Monte da Caparica, Portugal. M. van den Belt, Ecological Economics Research and Applications, Inc., P.O. Box 1589, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. D. Boersma, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. D. Boesch, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. F. Catarino, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon, Rua Escola Politecnica, 58, 1250 Lisbon, Portugal. S. Hanna, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Univ., Corvalis, OR 97331-3601, USA. K. Limburg, Dept. of Systems Ecology, Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. B. Low, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1115, USA. M. Molitor, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia Univ., P.O. Box 689, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA. J. G. Pereira, Dept. of Oceanography and Fisheries, Univ. of the Azores, PT 9900 Horta, Azores, Portugal. S. Rayner, Battelle, 901 D Street SW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024-2115, USA. J. Wilson, School of Marine Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA. M. Young, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, Australia 5064.
Ocean ecosystems face increasing pressures from overfishing, pollution, and climate change. This study proposes six core principles for sustainable ocean resource governance and management.
Area of Science:
- Marine Biology
- Environmental Science
- Oceanography
Background:
- Ocean ecosystems are under significant threat from multiple anthropogenic stressors.
- Overfishing, pollution, and climate change are key drivers of marine ecosystem degradation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a framework for sustainable ocean resource governance.
- To outline six core principles to guide the management and use of marine resources.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current ocean governance challenges.
- Synthesis of existing research on marine ecosystem sustainability.
- Development of a set of guiding principles based on scientific consensus.
Main Results:
- Identification of six essential principles for effective ocean governance.
- Examples of governance structures that align with these principles are provided.
- The proposed principles address biodiversity conservation, pollution control, and climate change adaptation.
Conclusions:
- Implementing these six principles can enhance the sustainability of ocean ecosystems.
- Effective governance is crucial for mitigating the impacts of human activities on marine environments.
- A proactive and integrated approach is needed to ensure the long-term health of our oceans.
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