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Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production

Falkowski1, Barber, Smetacek

  • 1P. G. Falkowski is at the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521, USA. R. T. Barber is in the Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. V. Smetacek is at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven D-27570, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 11, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Oceanic primary production significantly impacts Earth's geochemistry and climate by regulating carbon export. Understanding these marine carbon cycle dynamics is crucial for predicting future climate and fisheries.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Oceanic primary production, driven by phytoplankton, fixes 45 gigatons of carbon annually, with 16 gigatons exported to the ocean interior.
  • Changes in total and export production influence atmospheric CO2 levels, climate, and fisheries sustainability.
  • These fluxes depend on geophysical processes like mixed-layer depth, nutrient availability, and food-web dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on marine primary production.
  • To understand how oceanic biota have responded to and affected past climate variability.
  • To predict how marine ecosystems will respond to future anthropogenic climate change.

Main Methods:

  • The study emphasizes the sensitivity of primary production to external forcing due to rapid phytoplankton turnover.

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  • It highlights the critical role of geophysical processes in determining nutrient fluxes and mixed-layer depth.
  • The research focuses on understanding biogeochemical feedbacks, including the impact of radiative forcing on the hydrological cycle and aeolian iron flux.

    • Main Results:

    • Marine primary production is a key driver of global biogeochemical cycles and Earth's geochemistry.
    • Phytoplankton carbon fixation and export production are sensitive to environmental changes and rarely in a steady state.
    • Feedbacks, such as iron's influence on nitrogen fixation, play a crucial role in regulating primary production.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding marine primary production and its biogeochemical feedbacks is essential for assessing past climate variability and predicting future changes.
    • The study underscores the interconnectedness of oceanic processes, atmospheric CO2, and climate regulation.
    • Accurate modeling of these dynamics is vital for addressing anthropogenically influenced changes in the coming decades.