On the mechanism of electrical coupling between cells of early Xenopus embryos

The mechanism of electrical coupling between cells of early Xenopus embryos has been studied by examination of the nonjunctional membrane resistances and capacitances as a function of cleavage stage, the junctional and nonjunctional membrane resistances as functions of time during the first cleavage, and the electrical properties of the primitive blastocoel. The changes in membrane resistances and capacitances during the first two cleavages may be completely explained by the addition of new membrane, identical in specific resistance and capacitance to the original membrane, at a constant rate to furrows which are electrically connected to the perivitelline space. Microelectrode recording from the primitive blastocoel indicates that there is no electrical difference detectable between it and the perivitelline space. These results are discussed in the context of current theories of the mechanism of intercellular electrotonic coupling.