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Head kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation

J Cholewicki1, M M Panjabi, K Nibu

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. jacek.cholewicki@yale.edu

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|July 17, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Understanding head movement during whiplash trauma is key for injury prevention. This study details head kinematics in human cervical spine specimens subjected to simulated whiplash, revealing how head motion changes with acceleration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Trauma research

Background:

  • Precise head kinematics are crucial for understanding whiplash injury mechanisms.
  • Preventing whiplash injuries requires detailed knowledge of head and neck movement during trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively document head kinematic responses to horizontal accelerations simulating whiplash trauma.
  • To provide a detailed dataset on head motion during simulated whiplash events.

Main Methods:

  • Seven isolated human cervical spine specimens (C0-T1/C7) with surrogate heads were subjected to incremental horizontal sled accelerations (2.5-10.5 g).
  • Sled and head kinematics were measured using potentiometers and accelerometers.
  • Data were analyzed to determine changes in sled velocity and head motion parameters.

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Main Results:

  • Peak head kinematic parameters generally increased with sled acceleration, except for peak angular displacement, which decreased.
  • Head initially translated posteriorly without rotation, followed by backward rotation below physiological limits.
  • Maximum head rotation (31.5°) occurred at 2.5 g, less than the physiological limit (55.1°).

Conclusions:

  • Head kinematics during whiplash are complex, involving translation and limited rotation.
  • Expressing head kinematics relative to the T1 or shoulder coordinate system is optimal for studying neck injury potential.
  • This data provides a foundation for improving whiplash injury prevention strategies.