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Microsatellite instability in malignant melanoma

V R Talwalkar1, M Scheiner, L K Hedges

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2550, USA.

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics
|July 17, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Microsatellite instability (MIN), a DNA repair defect, was investigated in melanoma. MIN was detected in 25% of melanoma cases, indicating its occurrence in this cancer, though less frequently than in carcinomas.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is linked to microsatellite instability (MIN) in colorectal and endometrial carcinomas.
  • MIN is a biomarker associated with specific cancer types and treatment responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and frequency of MIN in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
  • To determine if MIN occurs in melanoma, similar to its established role in other cancers.

Main Methods:

  • DNA was isolated from tumor and control cells of 20 melanoma patients.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify seven microsatellite loci on chromosomes 1p, 5q, 6q, 9p, 11p, 17p, and 18q.
  • Microsatellite analysis was performed to detect instability and loss of heterozygosity.

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Main Results:

  • Microsatellite instability (MIN) was identified in 5 out of 20 (25%) melanoma cases.
  • One individual showed MIN at two loci, and another exhibited loss of heterozygosity.
  • No correlation was found between MIN and tumor Breslow thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Microsatellite instability (MIN) does occur in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
  • The frequency of MIN in melanoma appears to be lower compared to colorectal and endometrial carcinomas.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the implications of MIN in melanoma development and progression.