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Entomopathogenic nematodes as a potential biological control method for ticks

K M Kocan1, E F Blouin, M S Pidherney

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-2007, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|July 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Entomopathogenic nematodes show promise for tick control. Certain nematode species effectively killed various tick species, reducing egg production, though nematodes did not multiply within ticks.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Biological Control
  • Nematology

Background:

  • Entomopathogenic nematodes are utilized for insect pest biological control.
  • Engorged female ticks pose a significant challenge in agriculture and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate entomopathogenic nematodes as a biological control agent against engorged female ticks.
  • To assess the efficacy of different nematode species in penetrating and killing various tick species.

Main Methods:

  • Five species of infective juveniles (IJs) were screened for tick mortality.
  • Two promising species, Steinernema riobravus (SR) and Steinernema feltiae (SF), were tested against multiple tick species.
  • Microscopy was used to examine nematode and bacterial presence and multiplication within ticks.

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Main Results:

  • SR and SF nematodes were most effective, killing 30-100% of engorged female ticks.
  • Nematodes demonstrated efficacy against Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
  • Tick exposure to nematodes significantly reduced egg mass weight; death resulted from bacterial proliferation, not nematode multiplication within ticks.

Conclusions:

  • Entomopathogenic nematodes, particularly SR and SF, show potential for tick biological control.
  • Further field studies are needed to confirm efficacy and nematode-tick interactions in natural environments.