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Decrease in costs for management of lower airway disease in the pediatric intensive care unit

J Irazuzta1, J Zhang, S Pandit

  • 1Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University--Charleston Division, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|July 22, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Costs for pediatric intensive care decreased over four years for lower airway disease patients. This reduction in patient-originated costs suggests a learning curve effect among the critical care team.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Healthcare Economics
  • Hospital Administration

Background:

  • Investigated cost changes in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after restructuring.
  • Examined patient care costs over a four-year period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a restructured pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) experienced a decrease in patient care costs.
  • To identify factors influencing cost changes in pediatric critical care.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 89 previously healthy patients treated for lower airway disease (1991-1994).
  • Collected data included patient demographics, illness severity, length of stay, hospital bills, and patient-originated costs (POC).

Main Results:

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  • Patient-originated costs (POC) decreased over the four-year study period.
  • Diagnostic test costs declined by 58%; decreases in POC correlated with lower hospital bills.
  • Increased illness severity and intubation were associated with higher costs, but the overall downward trend persisted after adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Management costs for pediatric lower airway disease patients decreased significantly over the study period.
  • The observed cost reduction is hypothesized to be due to the pediatric critical care team's learning curve.
  • Cost decreases in the PICU did not result in cost shifting to other hospital departments.