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Related Experiment Videos

Torso loading via a harness method activates trunk muscles less than a hand loading method

M L McMulkin1, J C Woldstad, R E Hughes

  • 1Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Dept, Wichita State University, KS 67260-0035, USA. mcmulkin@ie.twsu.edu

Journal of Biomechanics
|July 22, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Torso biomechanics research using hand loading, not chest harnesses, significantly increases muscle activity in the latissimus dorsi and rectus abdominis. This suggests harness loading may underestimate torso muscle engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Health
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Torso biomechanics research often requires applying external moments to measure or predict muscle activity.
  • Previous studies primarily used chest harness loading, assuming it replicates muscle activity from loads held in the hands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare torso muscle activity under equivalent L3/L4 moments generated by hand versus harness loading methods.
  • To determine if hand and harness loading methods elicit comparable electromyographic responses in torso musculature.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects maintained static postures while counteracting external moments applied via hand and harness loading.
  • Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity in response to both loading conditions.

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  • Moments were applied at the L3/L4 spinal level during combined flexion/extension, lateral bending, and torsion tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • Hand loading resulted in significantly higher muscle activity compared to harness loading for the latissimus dorsi (16-25%) and rectus abdominis (13-17%).
    • The left external oblique also showed increased activity (24%) with hand loading.
    • The erector spinae (left and right) and right external oblique exhibited similar activity levels between the two loading methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Equivalent torso moments generated by hand and harness loading do not produce equal muscle activity.
    • Chest harness loading may lead to an underestimation of torso muscle activation in biomechanical studies.
    • Findings suggest hand loading may be a more sensitive method for assessing certain torso muscle responses.