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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
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Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

Published on: November 19, 2015

Activity of rat pump neurons is modulated with central respiratory rhythm

M Miyazaki1, A Arata, I Tanaka

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Japan.

Neuroscience Letters
|July 22, 1998
PubMed

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Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
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Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

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Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

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Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers: