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Red blood cell shape as a function of medium's ionic strength and pH

M Rasia1, A Bollini

  • 1Cátedra de Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Santa Fe 3100, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|July 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Cell surface glycocalyx shape is influenced by ionic strength and pH. Changes in these factors alter electrostatic interactions, affecting cell membrane curvature and erythrocyte shape.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • The glycocalyx acts as the primary interface between cell membranes and their environment.
  • Its structure, a polyelectrolyte matrix, resembles ionized monolayers where charge repulsion influences membrane curvature.
  • This suggests that electrostatic interactions within the glycocalyx may drive cell shape changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how ionic strength and pH affect the electrostatic interactions of the glycocalyx.
  • To determine the influence of these factors on cell membrane shape and erythrocyte morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the effect of varying ionic strength (mu) and pH on cell surface charge interactions.
  • Assessed changes in cell shape across a range of ionic and pH conditions.

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  • Utilized neuraminidase degradation to reduce surface charges and validate findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Ionic strength variations induced distinct cell shapes, correlating with polyelectrolyte theory predictions.
    • Decreasing pH led to more invaginated cell shapes, while increasing pH caused opposite effects.
    • Reduced surface charge density confirmed the role of glycocalyx charged groups in observed shape changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Glycocalyx electrostatic interactions are significantly modulated by medium ionic strength and pH.
    • These modulations directly impact cell membrane curvature and erythrocyte shape.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that glycocalyx charged groups mediate the effects of ionic strength and pH on cell morphology.