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Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Why women are less likely than men to commit suicide

G E Murphy1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.

Comprehensive Psychiatry
|July 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Major depression impacts over half of all suicides. This study suggests men

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health
  • Sociology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Major depression is a significant risk factor for suicide, accounting for over half of all suicide deaths.
  • A notable paradox exists where women experience major depression at twice the rate of men, yet men die by suicide at four times the rate of women.
  • Existing explanations for this gender paradox in suicide rates are often based on androcentric viewpoints, implying female deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge androcentric assumptions in suicide research.
  • To explore how gender-specific psychosocial factors may influence suicide risk and protection.
  • To propose an alternative framework for understanding the gender paradox in suicide rates.

Main Methods:

  • This study employs a theoretical and argumentative approach, synthesizing existing research and sociological concepts.

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Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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  • It analyzes gender differences in psychological traits, social behaviors, and help-seeking patterns.
  • The methodology involves a critical re-evaluation of established theories on suicide and gender.

    • Main Results:

    • Men's emphasis on independence and aversion to perceived weakness may increase their suicide vulnerability.
    • Women's tendency towards interdependence and seeking social support may offer protective factors against suicide.
    • Differences in decision-making processes and relationship contexts may contribute to gender disparities in suicide outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Women may derive unique strengths and protections against suicide due to specific gender differences, rather than being deficient.
    • The factors contributing to male suicide vulnerability are potentially the inverse of protective factors for women.
    • A paradigm shift is needed to understand suicide risk and prevention through a lens that acknowledges gender-specific psychosocial dynamics.