Multicystic kidney joined to the homolateral testis by an ectopic vas deferens: embryological hypothesis for a new description
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 29, 2026

A Modified Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy
Published on: June 8, 2022
1Divisione di Chirurgia Pediatrica, Università G. D'Annunzio, Pescara, Italia.
Abstract:
Ectopic location of the vas deferens is a rare congenital anomaly with multiple variations. The frequent association with ano-rectal abnormalities and hypospadias is well known. We report two cases of a newborn and a 3-year-old child with ectopic vas deferens coupled with a left multicystic kidney without any ureteral structure. Furthermore, the latter had a contralateral vesicoureteral reflux and anal agenesis with recto-bulbar fistula. Our attempt with this report is to explain the development of such anomalous deferential outlet into the multicystic kidney, according to the most qualified theory of the Wolffian duct embryology.
Related Concept Videos
Testes: Histology
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle.
External Anatomy of the Kidney
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Testes: Gross Anatomy
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...
