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Mast cells in bronchiectasis

R Sepper1, Y T Konttinen, P Kemppinen

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki. Ruth.Sepper@helsinki.fi

Annals of Medicine
|July 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells (MCs) are activated in bronchiectasis (BE), releasing tryptase. Elevated tryptase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid correlate with BE severity, suggesting MCs contribute to lung inflammation and tissue damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis (BE) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease.
  • It is characterized by frequent bacterial infections and neutrophil-dominated inflammation.
  • The role of mast cells (MCs) in BE pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mast cells (MCs) in lung inflammation in bronchiectasis (BE).
  • To measure mast cell-derived tryptase levels and activity in BE patients.
  • To correlate tryptase levels with disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting were used to measure tryptase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
  • Tryptase-like activities were assessed in 36 BE patients and 14 healthy controls.
  • Immunohistochemical staining evaluated MCs in lung tissue, and patients were subgrouped by disease severity.

Main Results:

  • Tryptase concentrations and activities in BALF were significantly higher in BE patients than in controls.
  • Tryptase levels increased with BE severity (mild, moderate, severe).
  • Degranulated MCs were more prevalent in BE lung tissue, and tryptase correlated with procollagenase activation.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells are activated in bronchiectasis, releasing tryptase.
  • Elevated tryptase levels and activity in BALF are associated with BE.
  • MCs and their proteinase release may contribute to ongoing lung inflammation and tissue injury in BE, even during quiescent periods.

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