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Pulmonary function in children with initial low birth weight

M Wjst1, M Popescu, M J Trepka

  • 1GSF-Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut fuer Epidemiologie, Neuherberg, Germany.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|July 25, 1998
PubMed
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Low birth weight (LBW) in term-born children is linked to smaller lungs and hyperreactive airways, increasing asthma risk. Preterm children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity are known risk factors for adverse health outcomes.
  • The long-term respiratory effects of LBW and prematurity into school age require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of LBW and prematurity on school-aged children's bronchial airflow, reactivity, symptoms, and asthma diagnosis.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with these birth conditions and respiratory health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 2470 school children aged 5-14 in eastern Germany.
  • Utilized a 78-item questionnaire for birth and early childhood risk factors.
  • Conducted pulmonary function analysis using mobile plethysmography and cold air bronchial provocation tests.

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Main Results:

  • Term-born LBW children showed significantly increased bronchial hyper-responsiveness (p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of diagnosed asthma (OR 1.6).
  • LBW was associated with smaller lung volumes and reduced airflow, though effects were less pronounced in older children.
  • Preterm children's bronchial systems appeared to recover by school age, with no increased risk for allergic sensitization in LBW children.

Conclusions:

  • LBW is a significant risk factor for reduced lung function and hyperreactive airways in term-born children, contributing to asthma development.
  • While LBW impacts lung development, preterm children may show respiratory recovery by school age.
  • Findings highlight the importance of monitoring respiratory health in children with a history of LBW.