Hypertension in renal failure

Hypertension is a common component of the morbidity associated with renal failure. The mechanisms that contribute to high blood pressure are reviewed in this section. Also covered are therapies to reduce hypertension, the treatment goals of those therapies, and the outcomes of antihypertensive therapy on kidney function in patients with renal failure. Various antihypertensive agents are specifically addressed, and a treatment paradigm is presented for combination antihypertensive drug therapy, which is usually necessary in the antihypertensive therapy of patients with renal failure.