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Effect of magnesium sulphate on adriamycin-induced clastogenic and biochemical changes in Swiss albino mice
1Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Magnesium sulphate (magnesium), an essential anti-oxidant macromineral, was evaluated for its effects on the clastogenic and biochemical changes induced by Adriamycin (ADM) in Swiss albino mice. Male mice were treated orally with different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight/day) of magnesium sulphate for 7 days. Some of these mice were injected intraperitoneally with ADM (8 mg/kg body weight). Multiple sampling (12, 24 and 48 h) were carried out after the last treatment in different experiments. The animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia. The concentrations of magnesium were determined in plasma and liver tissue. Femoral marrow cells were collected and screened for the frequency of micronuclei and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes. Furthermore the proteins, nucleic acids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein sulphydryl (NPSH) levels were estimated in hepatic cells. The magnesium sulphate treatment did not affect the magnesium concentrations in plasma and liver tissue. The treatment also failed to cause any significant clastogenic, cytotoxic and biochemical changes. Pretreatment with magnesium sulphate showed no alterations in plasma and hepatic tissue levels of magnesium. Nevertheless the pretreatment was found to inhibit the ADM-induced micronuclei without any alteration in its therapeutic efficacy. The proteins, DNA, RNA and MDA levels in the hepatic cells of these animals were increased and the NPSH concentrations were reduced. The anticlastogenic nature of magnesium sulphate appears to be related to its pretreatment which might have averted the free-radical-mediated pathogenesis induced by ADM.
Insights
Magnesium sulphate supplementation inhibited Adriamycin-induced genetic damage in mice. This essential antioxidant mineral protected against clastogenic effects without compromising Adriamycin
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Toxicology
- Genetics
Background:
- Adriamycin (ADM) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent with known clastogenic and biochemical side effects.
- Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macromineral with antioxidant properties.
- Understanding protective agents against ADM-induced toxicity is crucial for cancer therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of magnesium sulphate on Adriamycin-induced clastogenic and biochemical changes in mice.
- To determine if magnesium sulphate can mitigate ADM toxicity without affecting its therapeutic efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Swiss albino mice were orally administered varying doses of magnesium sulphate.
- Mice were subsequently injected with Adriamycin (ADM).
- Clastogenicity (micronuclei assay) and biochemical markers (protein, nucleic acid, MDA, NPSH levels) were assessed in hepatic cells and plasma.
Main Results:
- Magnesium sulphate alone did not induce significant clastogenic, cytotoxic, or biochemical changes.
- Pretreatment with magnesium sulphate inhibited ADM-induced micronuclei formation.
- ADM-induced increases in hepatic protein, DNA, RNA, and MDA levels were observed, along with a decrease in NPSH, which were modulated by magnesium sulphate pretreatment.
Conclusions:
- Magnesium sulphate exhibits anticlastogenic properties against Adriamycin-induced genotoxicity.
- The protective effect of magnesium sulphate may involve mitigating free-radical-mediated damage induced by ADM.
- Magnesium sulphate shows potential as an adjunct therapy to reduce chemotherapeutic side effects.