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Human babesiosis

A Gorenflot1, K Moubri, E Precigout

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UFR Pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, France. agorenf@pharma.univ-montpl.fr

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|July 31, 1998
PubMed
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Human babesiosis, caused by Babesia parasites, presents diverse clinical outcomes. Severe cases, often in asplenic individuals, require prompt treatment with blood transfusions and antibiotics like clindamycin.

Area of Science:

  • * Medical Entomology
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Parasitology

Background:

  • * Human babesiosis, a tick-borne zoonotic disease, is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia.
  • * The first human case was reported in Europe in 1957, with subsequent cases primarily linked to Babesia divergens in asplenic individuals.
  • * In the USA, Babesia microti is the most common cause, with emerging species and transfusion-transmitted cases also documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review and summarize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of human babesiosis globally.
  • * To highlight the varying clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with different Babesia species.
  • * To inform clinical management and public health strategies for this emerging infectious disease.

Main Methods:

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  • * Comprehensive literature review of reported human babesiosis cases worldwide.
  • * Analysis of epidemiological data, including geographic distribution, implicated Babesia species, and transmission routes.
  • * Summary of clinical presentations, severity factors, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • * Europe: 28 reported cases, predominantly Babesia divergens (76%) in asplenic individuals (83%), causing severe intravascular hemolysis.
  • * USA: Hundreds of cases, mainly Babesia microti, with varied severity from asymptomatic to fatal; risk factors include asplenia, elderly, immunocompromised, and HIV-infected individuals.
  • * Other regions: Cases reported in China, Egypt, Mexico, South Africa, and Taiwan, with emerging Babesia species increasingly identified.

Conclusions:

  • * Human babesiosis is an emerging infectious disease with a broad clinical spectrum, influenced by the infecting Babesia species and host factors.
  • * Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including blood exchange, clindamycin, or quinine plus clindamycin, are crucial for severe cases.
  • * Continued surveillance and research are necessary to understand the epidemiology and management of babesiosis, especially with emerging species and transmission routes.