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Systemic risk factors for idiopathic macular holes: a case-control study
J R Evans1, S D Schwartz, J D McHugh
1Glaxo Department of Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Moorfields Eye Hospital/Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
Eye (London, England)
|July 31, 1998
Summary
Idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (IFTMH) predominantly affect older women. This study found few systemic risk factors, but a more severe menopause was linked to IFTMH, suggesting hormonal changes may play a role.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Geriatric Medicine
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (IFTMH) causes significant vision loss in elderly individuals, particularly women over 60.
- While vitreoretinal traction is implicated, the underlying systemic causes of IFTMH remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential systemic risk factors associated with the development of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes.
- To explore the relationship between hormonal factors, menopause, and IFTMH in women.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study comparing 237 patients with IFTMH to 172 controls, matched for sex.
- Data collected via interviews on medical history, lifestyle, and menopause, alongside physical measurements (height, weight).
Main Results:
- IFTMH cases were predominantly women (67%) and aged 65+ (74%).
- Diabetes was more prevalent in controls (12% vs. 5%).
- A more severe menopause, indicated by hot flushes, was significantly associated with IFTMH (OR 2.6).
Conclusions:
- Few systemic risk factors were identified for IFTMH, confirming it as a gender-related disease.
- Evidence suggests hormonal fluctuations around menopause may contribute to IFTMH development in women.
- Further research is needed to elucidate specific etiological factors increasing women's risk for macular holes.